stem
$ \mathrm{stem}^1 |stem|
noun
1. the main body or stalk of a plant or shrub, typically rising above ground but occasionally subterranean.
茎, (木の)幹, (花･葉･果実などの)柄(→ flower)
the stalk supporting a fruit, flower, or leaf, and attaching it to a larger branch, twig, or stalk.
2. a long, thin supportive or main section of something:
茎状のもの
e.g. the main stem of the wing feathers.
the slender part of a wineglass between the base and the bowl.
(ワイングラス･花びんなどの)脚
the tube of a tobacco pipe.
(パイプの)柄
a rod or cylinder in a mechanism, for example the sliding shaft of a bolt or the winding pin of a watch.
時計の竜頭［ねじ巻き］の心棒; (温度計の)胴
a vertical stroke in a letter or musical note.
〘楽〙 符尾〘音符の縦棒〙
3. Grammar the root or main part of a noun, adjective, or other word, to which inflections or formative elements are added.
〘言〙 語幹〘屈折変化を除いた基幹部; たとえばlearns, learned, learningのlearnの部分〙.
archaic or literary the main line of descent of a family or nation:
血筋, 家系
e.g. the Hellenic tribes were derived from the Aryan stem.
4. the main upright timber or metal piece at the bow of a ship, to which the ship's sides are joined.
〘海〙 船首, へさき(↔ stern; → ship ).
5. US informal a pipe used for smoking crack or opium.
verb (stems, stemming, stemmed)
1. no object (stem from) originate in or be caused by:
A〈物･事〉に起因する, 由来する; Aから始まる, 生じる (!進行形にしない) .
e.g. many of the universities' problems stem from rapid expansion.
2. with object remove the stems from (fruit or tobacco leaves).
〈へた･茎･花柄など〉を取り除く
3. with object (of a boat) make headway against (the tide or current).
PHRASES
from stem to stern
from the front to the back, especially of a ship:
e.g. surges of water rocked their boats from stem to stern.
along the entire length of something; throughout:
e.g. the album is a joy from stem to stern.
DERIVATIVES
stemless adjective
stemlike |-ˌlīk| adjective
ORIGIN
Old English stemn, stefn, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch stam and German Stamm. stem1 (sense 4 of the noun) is related to Dutch steven, German Steven.
$ \mathrm{stem}^2 |stem|
https://gyazo.com/4087720793fa266a489d8938fc4594bb
source: stop bleeding GIF | Find, Make & Share Gfycat GIFs
verb (stems, stemming, stemmed)
1. with object stop or restrict (the flow of something):
〈流れ･潮流･勢いなど〉を止める, くい止める; …に逆らって進む (!比喩的にも用いる)
｟かたく｠ 〈血液(の流れ)など〉を止める, 止血する
e.g. a nurse did her best to stem the bleeding.
stop the spread or development of (something undesirable):
e.g. an attempt to stem the rising tide of unemployment.
2. no object Skiing slide the tail of one ski or both skis outward in order to turn or slow down.
〘スポーツ〙 〈スキー〉をシュテムする
ORIGIN
Middle English (in the sense ‘to stop, delay’): from Old Norse stemma, of Germanic origin. The skiing term (early 20th century) is from the German verb stemmen.