root
$ \mathrm{root}^1 |ro͞ot|
https://gyazo.com/b4df1b4adf7eda4a7cc509767c89ac20
source: By Patti Neumann - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0
noun
1. the part of a plant which attaches it to the ground or to a support, typically underground, conveying water and nourishment to the rest of the plant via numerous branches and fibers:
〖通例～s〗 根, 地下茎
e.g. cacti have deep and spreading roots
e.g. a tree root.
the persistent underground part of a plant, especially when fleshy and enlarged and used as a vegetable, e.g. a turnip or carrot.
〘植〙 根付き植物
any plant grown for its edible root.
根菜
the embedded part of a bodily organ or structure such as a hair, tooth, or nail:
(歯･毛･爪などの)根元, つけ根
e.g. her hair was fairer at the roots.
the part of a thing attaching it to a greater or more fundamental whole; the end or base:
e.g. a little lever near the root of the barrel.
2. the basic cause, source, or origin of something:
〖通例the ～〗 (問題などの)根源, (根本的)原
e.g. love of money is the root of all evil
e.g. jealousy was at the root of it
e.g. as modifier : the root cause of the problem.
the essential substance or nature of something:
e.g. matters at the heart and root of existence.
(roots) family, ethnic, or cultural origins, especially as the reasons for one's long-standing emotional attachment to a place or community:
〖one's ～s〗 (自分･祖先の)ルーツ, 故郷, 心のよりどころ; 祖先
e.g. it's always nice to return to my roots.
(as adjective roots) denoting or relating to something, especially music, from a particular ethnic or cultural origin, especially a non-Western one:
〖通例～s〗 (習慣･伝統などの)起源, ルーツ
e.g. roots music.
(in biblical use) a scion; a descendant:
〘宗〙 (聖書の)子孫
e.g. the root of David.
Linguistics a morpheme, not necessarily surviving as a word in itself, from which words have been made by the addition of prefixes or suffixes or by other modification:
〘言〙 語根
e.g. many European words stem from this linguistic root
e.g. as modifier : the root form of the word.
Music the fundamental note of a chord.
〘楽〙 基音
3. Mathematics a number or quantity that when multiplied by itself, typically a specified number of times, gives a specified number or quantity:
〘数〙 根; ルート
e.g. find the cube root of the result.
short for square root.
a value of an unknown quantity satisfying a given equation:
e.g. the roots of the equation differ by an integer.
4. often as modifier Computing a user account with full and unrestricted access to a system:
e.g. make sure that these files can only be accessed by the root user
e.g. I need to log in as root on my system to resolve an issue.
verb with object
1. cause (a plant or cutting) to grow roots:
〖通例be ～ed/～ oneself〗 〈植物が〉根付く
e.g. root your own cuttings from stock plants.
no object (of a plant or cutting) establish roots:
根付く
e.g. large trees had rooted in the canal bank.
2. (usually be rooted) establish deeply and firmly:
〖be ～ed〗 〈物･事が〉 【場所などに】定着している, 根付いている
e.g. vegetarianism is rooted in Indian culture.
(be rooted in) have as an origin or cause:
〈考えなどが〉 «…に» 基づいている «in»
e.g. the Latin dubitare is rooted in an Indo-European word.
3. (often as adjective rooted) cause (someone) to stand immobile through fear or amazement:
〖be ～ed〗 (恐怖･感動などで)〈人などが〉 【場所で】動けなくなる «to»
e.g. she found herself rooted to the spot in disbelief.
4. Computing gain access to the root account of (a smartphone or computer):
e.g. we explained how to manually root almost any Android device.
PHRASES
at root
basically; fundamentally:
e.g. it is a moral question at root.
put down roots
(of a plant) begin to draw nourishment from the soil through its roots.
(of a person) begin to have a settled life in a particular place.
root and branch
used to express the thorough or radical nature of a process or operation:
e.g. root and branch reform of personal taxation.
strike at the root of (or strike at the roots of)
affect in a vital area with potentially destructive results:
e.g. the proposals struck at the roots of community life.
take root
(of a plant) begin to grow and draw nourishment from the soil through its roots.
become fixed or established:
e.g. the idea had taken root in my mind.
PHRASAL VERBS
root something out
(also root something up) dig or pull up a plant by the roots.
find and get rid of someone or something regarded as pernicious or dangerous:
e.g. a campaign to root out corruption.
DERIVATIVES
rootedness |ˈro͞odədnəs| noun
rootlet |ˈro͞otlət| noun
rootlike |-ˌlīk| adjective
rooty adjective
ORIGIN
late Old English rōt, from Old Norse rót; related to Latin radix, also to wort.
$ \mathrm{root}^2 |ro͞ot|
verb no object, with adverbial
(of an animal) turn up the ground with its snout in search of food:
〈豚などが〉 【餌などを】鼻で地面を掘って捜す «for» .
e.g. stray dogs rooting around for bones and scraps.
search unsystematically through an untidy mass or area; rummage:
｟くだけて｠ «…の中を» (引っかき回して)探す(about, around) «through, in»
e.g. she was rooting through a pile of papers.
with object (root something out) find or extract something by rummaging:
〈問題など〉を見つけて解決する(out)
｟くだけて｠ 〈食べ物など〉を捜し出す(out)
e.g. he managed to root out the cleaning kit.
noun in singular
an act of rooting:
e.g. I have a root through the open drawers.
PHRASAL VERBS
root for
informal support or hope for the success of (a person or group entering a contest or undertaking a challenge):
e.g. the whole of this club is rooting for him.
root someone on
North American informal cheer or spur someone on:
e.g. his mother rooted him on enthusiastically from ringside.
ORIGIN
Old English wrōtan, of Germanic origin; related to Old English wrōt ‘snout’, German Rüssel ‘snout’, and perhaps ultimately to Latin rodere ‘gnaw’.