pull
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pull: 何かを手に持って一定の方向に「引く」ことを表す最も一般的な語で, 乗り物や機械などが何かを引っ張るときにも用いる drag: しばしば苦労･努力を伴いながら, 重い物, 嫌がる人などを引きずることをいう draw: 〘かたく･書〙 で, 何かをゆっくり優しく引っぱって移動させること. 日常英語では代わりにpullを用いることが多い haul: 重いものをゆっくりと苦労して特定の方向に引っぱったり引っぱり上げること 〈乗り物が〉 【場所から】動き始める «from»
e.g. The train began pulling away from the station. : 列車は駅から進み出た.
【競争相手･車などを】(だんだん)引き離す «from» .
｟くだけて｠ 〈車･運転手などが〉(一時停車のため)道からそれる(はずれる).
to pull off a highwayと言うとき、普通は出口ランプで使うのだが、pull overが示すようなスピードを落として止めることを意味しない。
もちろん、止まることもある。
〈運転手･車が〉 «…の» 脇に寄る «to»
〈警察などが〉 【違反などで】A〈車･運転手など〉を道路脇に止めさせる «for» .
上にある通り、スピードを落として止めるニュアンスがある
あなたがpull overするとき、普通はあなたは直前に進んでいた道路に沿ったところにいる。\
移動するためのレーンを超えて(over)止めるためのスペースに移動するイメージ 〈車･運転手が〉 «…に» 止まる, 一時停止する «at»
車もしくは車を運転している誰かをpull upしたとき、そのドライバーは車を、多くの場合短時間停める。
e.g. pull up at a grocery store : 食料雑貨店前に車を横付けする.
«…を» 引き上げる «on»
upでhaltのイメージかと思ったけど、サイドブレーキを引き上げる(up)動作が近いのかもしれない。 馬の手綱を引っ張るから止まることを意味するという解説があって、それはpullと乗り物に関する一般的な語源としてはそうなんだけど、pull upのupに関する解説としては微妙な気がする。乗馬だと初心者は上に引っ張ってしまうが、停止動作としては真後ろに引っ張るのが正しいらしい。
横付けするという訳が当てられている→instantなブレーキではなく、サイドブレーキをかけて車を短時間離れるために停めるイメージかな 乗り物がpull outするとき、乗り物は道路かその道路の違う部分に移り始める。
車線を変更して別の車線に移る動きのイメージ
verb with object
〖pull A(＋副詞)〗 〈人が〉A〈人･物〉を引く, 引っぱる, 引き寄せる (!〖副詞〗は様態などの表現)
e.g. he pulled them down onto the couch
e.g. with object and complement : I pulled the door shut behind me
〖pull (＋副詞)〗 〈人が〉 «…を» 引く, 引っぱる «on, at» ; 〖pull C〗 引っぱって［引っぱられて］C〈状態〉になる (!Cは〖形容詞〗) ; 〖～＋副詞〗 〈物が〉引っぱられる (!〖副詞〗は様態の表現)
e.g. no object : the little boy pulled at her skirt.
〖通例be ～ed〗 【車･動物などに】〈荷車などが〉引かれる, 引っぱられる «by»
e.g. the carriage was pulled by four horses.
e.g. the engine warmed up quickly and pulled well.
«…の方に» 〈舟〉を(オールで)漕いで進む «toward»
e.g. he pulled at the oars and the boat moved swiftly through the water
e.g. she looked at the waves and pulled hard with her oars.
e.g. he pulled himself into the saddle.
〖pull A＋副詞〗 〈人が〉A〈人･物〉を引いて動かす, 移動させる (!〖副詞〗は様態･方向などの表現; → draw) e.g. she pulled a handkerchief out of her pocket
e.g. he pulled on his boots
e.g. I pulled up some onions.
〈筋肉･靭帯（じんたい）など〉を(伸ばして)傷める
«…から/…に向けて» 〈物〉を取り出す «from/on»
e.g. it's not every day a young woman pulls a gun on a burglar.
〈タバコ(の煙)〉を深く吸い込む
〖～＋副詞〗 〈乗り物などが〉進む (!〖副詞〗は方向などの表現) ; 〈人が〉 «…の方に» (舟の)オールを漕いで進む «toward» ; 〈エンジンが〉出力を上げる.
e.g. the bus was about to pull away
e.g. the boy pulled ahead and disappeared around the corner.
e.g. she tried to pull away from him.
〈行事･出演者などが〉〈群集〉を引き付ける, 引き寄せる; 〈政治家が〉〈票〉を集める, 獲得する, 〈支持など〉をとりつける
e.g. tourist attractions that pull in millions of foreign visitors.
e.g. the magazine pulled its trick of producing the right issue at the right time.
｟くだけて｠ 〈行事など〉を中止する; 〈広告など〉を出すのをやめる
e.g. the gig was pulled at the first sign of difficulty.
e.g. four of the leading eight runners were pulled.
〘スポーツ〙 (ゴルフ･野球などで)引っぱって打つ
e.g. he pulled the ball every time he hit a grounder.
noun
〖a ～〗 «…を» 引くこと, 引き, 引っぱり «on» (!tugは「急に強く引くこと」) e.g. give the hair a quick pull and it comes out by the roots.
e.g. the Cowboy Collection offers hand-forged iron drawer pulls.
【酒などを】(大量に)飲むこと «on, at»
e.g. he unscrewed the cap from the flask and took another pull.
【タバコを】(深く)吸い込むこと «on»
e.g. he took a pull on his cheroot.
(伸ばし過ぎによる)筋肉の損傷, 筋を違えること
e.g. he was taken out of the game with a hamstring pull.
2. in singular a force drawing someone or something in a particular direction or course of action: 〖the ～〗 (物理的な)引く力, 牽引力
e.g. the pull of the water tore her away
e.g. the pull of her hometown was a strong one.
〖通例単数形で〗 «…を［の］» 引き付ける力, 魅力, 勢力 «of»
e.g. one of the pulls of urban life is the opportunity of finding work.
｟くだけて｠ «…に対する» 引き, コネ, 影響力 «with, in»
e.g. they were hamstrung without the political pull of the mayor's office.
〖a ～〗 〘印〙 校正刷り, 試し刷り
PHRASES
informal extremely difficult to do:
e.g. it had been like pulling teeth to extract these two small items from Moore.
see face.
see fast1.
deceive someone playfully; tease someone.
see stop.
1. informal prevent something from happening or continuing:
e.g. the company pulled the plug on the deal because it was not satisfied with the terms.
2. informal remove (a patient) from life support:
e.g. we'll be talking to people who pulled the plug on their mothers.
usually with negative be less forceful, severe, or violent than one could be:
e.g. a sharp-tongued critic who doesn't pull his punches.
see rank1.
see sock.
make use of one's influence and contacts to gain an advantage unofficially or unfairly.
be in control of events or of other people's actions.
cooperate in a task or undertaking.
recover control of one's emotions.
do one's fair share of work.
US make use of one's influence and contacts to gain an advantage unofficially or unfairly. see wool.
PHRASAL VERBS
retreat or cause troops to retreat from an area:
e.g. the pact called on the rival forces to pull back and allow a neutral force to take control.
(pull back) withdraw from an undertaking:
e.g. the party pulled back from its only positive policy.
1. demolish a building.
2. informal earn a sum of money:
e.g. he was pulling down sixty grand.
1. (of a vehicle or its driver) move to the side of or off the road:
e.g. he pulled in at the curb.
2. (of a bus or train) arrive to take passengers.
1. succeed in securing or obtaining something:
e.g. the Reform Party pulled in 10% of the vote.
informal earn a sum of money:
e.g. you could pull in $100,000.
2. informal arrest someone:
e.g. I'd pull him in for questioning.
3. use reins to check a horse.
informal succeed in achieving or winning something difficult:
e.g. he pulled off a brilliant first round win.
1. withdraw from an undertaking:
e.g. he was forced to pull out of the championship because of an injury.
retreat or cause to retreat from an area:
e.g. the army pulled out, leaving the city in ruins
e.g. (pull someone out) : the CIA had pulled its operatives out of Tripoli.
2. (of a bus or train) leave with its passengers.
3. (of a vehicle or its driver) move out from the side of the road, or from its normal position in order to pass:
e.g. as he turned the corner a police car pulled out in front of him.
(of a vehicle or its driver) move to the side of or off the road.
cause a driver to move to the side of the road to be charged for a traffic offense:
e.g. he was pulled over for speeding.
get through or enable someone or something to get through an illness or other dangerous or difficult situation:
e.g. the illness is difficult to overcome, but we hope she'll pull through.
1. (of a vehicle or its driver) come to a halt:
e.g. he pulled up outside the cabin.
2. increase the altitude of an aircraft.
cause someone to stop or pause; check:
e.g. the shock of his words pulled her up short.
DERIVATIVES
ORIGIN