lose
https://gyazo.com/a1317bb755d5c11c5fe28d690afcc05d
source: 외방커뮤니티
/icons/point.icon 失う
lose: 一般的な語で, 所有物をなくしたり, 能力・信頼などを維持できなくなる場合に用いられる
miss: 機会などを失ったり, 友人と別れて寂しく感じること. ある特定の語とともにしか用いられない
miss a chance, miss an opportunity: 機会を失う
この場合 lose も用いられるが, miss が「一時的に失う」のに対し lose は「永久に失う」の意を暗示する
lose one's friend:友人を失う
miss を用いれば「友人がいなくて寂しい」の意になる
verb (past and past participle lost |lôst, läst| ) with object
1. be deprived of or cease to have or retain (something):
〈貴重な物･人･金･権利など〉を失う, なくす(↔ gain)
e.g. I've lost my appetite
e.g. Linda was very upset about losing her job
e.g. the company may find itself losing customers to cheaper rivals.
cause (someone) to fail to gain or retain (something):
e.g. you lost me my appointment at the university.
be deprived of (a close relative or friend) through their death or as a result of the breaking off of a relationship:
«…で» 〈親族･友人〉をなくす «to» ; …に死なれる
e.g. she lost her husband in the fire.
(of a pregnant woman) miscarry (a baby) or suffer the death of (a baby) during childbirth.
〈妊婦が〉〈赤ん坊〉を死産する
(be lost) be destroyed or killed, especially through accident or as a result of military action:
〈命〉を落とす; ｟やや古｠ 〈健康〉を損ねる (!loseは避けてdamage/ruin one's healthを使うのが普通)
e.g. a fishing disaster in which 19 local men were lost.
decrease in (body weight); undergo a reduction of (a specified amount of weight):
〈体重〉を減らす; 〈ある目方〉やせる(↔ gain)
e.g. she couldn't eat and began to lose weight.
(of a watch or clock) become slow by (a specified amount of time):
〈時計が〉…遅れる(↔ gain)
e.g. this clock will neither gain nor lose a second.
(lose it) informal lose control of one's temper or emotions:
〈能力･感覚･感情･思考など〉を失う, (奪われて)なくす
e.g. in the end I completely lost it—I was screaming at them.
2. become unable to find (something or someone):
〈人が〉〈人･方向など〉を見失う
e.g. I've lost the car keys.
cease or become unable to follow (the right route):
〈道〉に迷う; 〈場所〉がわからなくなる(→ lost)
e.g. the clouds came down and we lost the path.
evade or shake off (a pursuer):
〈競争の相手〉を引き離す, 〈追いかけてくる人〉をまく.
e.g. he came after me waving his revolver, but I easily lost him.
North American informal get rid of (an undesirable person or thing):
e.g. lose that creep!
informal cause (someone) to be unable to follow an argument or explanation:
｟くだけて｠ (説明中)〈人〉を混乱させる
e.g. sorry, Tim, you've lost me there.
(lose oneself in/be lost in) be or become deeply absorbed in (something):
〖～ oneself〗 〈人が〉 «…に» 熱中［没頭］する «in»
e.g. he had been lost in thought.
3. fail to win (a game or contest):
〈人･チームが〉 【相手に/試合などで】負ける(out) «to, against/in, at» ; «…の差で» 敗れる «by» ; 失敗する
e.g. no object : they lost by one vote
e.g. (as adjective losing) : the losing side
«相手に/…差で» 〈試合･競争･選挙など〉に負ける, 敗れる «to, against/by» ; 〈賞など〉を取りそこなう(↔ win)
e.g. the Bears lost the final game of the series.
cause (someone) to fail to win (a game or contest):
e.g. that shot lost him the championship.
4. earn less (money) than one is spending or has spent:
〈企業･人が〉〈金〉を損失する; 〈ある金額〉の赤字になる; 〈機会〉を失う, 逃す; 〈言葉など〉を聞きもらす; 〈列車など〉に乗り遅れる (!最後の意味ではloseよりmissが好まれる)
e.g. the paper is losing $500,000 a month
«…で» 損をする «on» ; 〖通例否定文･疑問文で〗 «…のために» 損をする «by» (↔ gain)
e.g. no object : he lost heavily on box-office flops.
5. waste or fail to take advantage of (time or an opportunity):
(遅れ･中断などにより)〈時間〉をむだにする, 浪費する(↔ gain)
e.g. they lost every chance to score in the first inning
e.g. he lost no time in attacking his opponent's tax proposals.
PHRASES
have nothing to lose
be in a situation that is so bad that even if an action or undertaking is unsuccessful, it cannot make it any worse.
lose heart
become discouraged.
lose one's heart to
see heart.
lose height
(of an aircraft) descend to a lower level in flight.
lose one's mind (or lose one's marbles)
informal go insane.
lose sleep
usually with negative worry about something:
e.g. no one is losing any sleep over what he thinks of us.
lose one's way (or lose the way)
become lost; fail to reach one's destination.
no longer have a clear idea of one's purpose or motivation in an activity or business:
e.g. the company has lost its way and should pull out of general insurance.
you can't lose
used to express the conviction that someone must inevitably profit from an action or undertaking:
e.g. we're offering them for only $5.00—you can't lose!
PHRASAL VERBS
lose out
be deprived of an opportunity to do or obtain something; be disadvantaged:
e.g. youngsters who were losing out on regular schooling.
be beaten in competition or replaced by:
e.g. they were disappointed at losing out to Chicago in the playoffs.
ORIGIN
Old English losian‘perish, destroy’, also ‘become unable to find’, from los‘loss’.
USAGE
See usage at loose.
The adjective loose, meaning ‘not tight,’ should not be confused with the verb loose, which means ‘let go’: they loosed the reins and let the horse gallop. This verb in turn should not be confused with the verb lose, which means ‘be deprived of, fail to keep’: I will lose my keys if I don't mend the hole in my pocket.