stock
https://gyazo.com/9b2108d211518112125033ac6e08056b
source: Frank Leslie Famous Leaders and Battle Scenes of the Civil War (New York, NY: Mrs. Frank Leslie, 1896)
noun
1. the goods or merchandise kept on the premises of a business or warehouse and available for sale or distribution:
〖具体例では可算〗在庫(品), 仕入れ品, ストック
e.g. the store has a very low turnover of stock
e.g. buy now, while stocks last!
e.g. as modifier : stock shortages.
a supply or quantity of something accumulated or available for future use:
〖通例～(s)〗 (物の)蓄え, 備蓄; 〖a ～〗 (知識などの)蓄え, (人に)備わっていること
e.g. I need to replenish my stock of wine
e.g. fish stocks are being dangerously depleted.
farm animals such as cattle, pigs, and sheep, bred and kept for their meat or milk; livestock.
〖集合的に〗(主に牛などの)家畜(livestock)
short for rolling stock.
〖集合的に〗鉄道車両
(also film stock) photographic film that has not been exposed or processed.
未封切り映画
(in some card games) the cards that have not yet been dealt, left on the table to be drawn.
2. the capital raised by a business or corporation through the issue and subscription of shares:
株式の総額
e.g. between 1982 and 1986 the value of the company's stock rose by 86%.
(also stocks) shares of stock of a particular company as held by an individual or group as an investment:
株式, 株(券)(｟英｠ share)
e.g. she owned $3000 worth of stock.
(also stocks) the shares of a particular company, type of company, or industry:
e.g. blue-chip stocks.
securities issued by the government in fixed units with a fixed rate of interest:
国債, 公債
e.g. government gilt-edged stock.
a person's reputation or popularity:
(人などの)評判, 評価
e.g. I felt I was right, but my stock was low with this establishment.
3. liquid made by cooking bones, meat, fish, or vegetables slowly in water, used as a basis for the preparation of soup, gravy, or sauces:
(スープやソースに使う)だし汁, ストック
e.g. a pint of chicken stock.
with modifier the raw material from which a specified commodity can be manufactured:
e.g. the fat can be used as soap stock.
4. usually with adjective or noun modifier a person's ancestry or line of descent:
｟かたく｠ 〖通例名詞と共に〗(…の)家系, 人種, 民族
e.g. her mother was of French stock
e.g. both of them came from peasant stock.
a breed, variety, or population of an animal or plant.
5. the trunk or woody stem of a living tree or shrub, especially one into which a graft (scion) is inserted.
(接ぎ木の)台木, 親木.
the perennial part of a herbaceous plant, especially a rhizome.
6. a herbaceous European plant that is widely cultivated for its fragrant flowers, which are typically lilac, pink, or white. mid 17th century: from stock-gillyflower.
〘植〙 ストック, アラセイトウ〘花を房状に付けるアブラナ科の多年草〙
Genus Matthiola, family Brassicaceae: several species.
7. (the stocks) treated as singular or plural historical an instrument of punishment consisting of an adjustable wooden structure with holes for securing a person's feet and hands, in which criminals were locked and exposed to public ridicule or assault.
〖the ～s〗 さらし台〘昔の刑台; 手［足］かせで罪人を固定する〙
8. the part of a rifle or other firearm to which the barrel and firing mechanism are attached, held against one's shoulder when firing the gun.
the crosspiece of an anchor.
the handle of something such as a whip or fishing rod.
short for headstock (sense 1) .
short for tailstock.
9. a band of white material tied like a cravat and worn as a part of formal horse-riding dress.
a piece of black material worn under a clerical collar.
幅広のえり飾り〘両端が胸までの長さがあり, 主に牧師が付ける〙
10. (stocks) a frame used to support a ship or boat out of water, especially when under construction.
〖the ～s〗 (木造の)造船台
adjective attributive
1. (of a product or type of product) usually kept in stock and thus regularly available for sale:
在庫の, 手持ちの.
e.g. 25 percent off stock items.
2. (of a phrase or expression) so regularly used as to be automatic or hackneyed:
｟けなして｠ ありふれた, お決まりの, 陳腐な〈言葉･やり口〉
e.g. “Two weeks” was the stock reply.
denoting a conventional character type or situation that recurs in a particular genre of literature, theater, or film:
e.g. the stock characters in every cowboy movie.
denoting or relating to cinematic footage that can be regularly used in different productions, typically that of outdoor scenes used to add realism to a production shot in an indoor set.
verb with object
1. have or keep a supply of (a particular product or type or product) available for sale:
〈店が〉〈商品〉を置いている, 在庫として持っている
e.g. most supermarkets now stock a range of organic produce.
provide or fill with goods, items, or a supply of something:
【食料品などを】〈戸棚･貯蔵庫など〉に入れる(up) «with»
e.g. I must stock up the fridge
e.g. as adjective, with submodifier or in combination (stocked) : a well-stocked store.
no object (stock up) amass supplies of something, typically for a particular occasion or purpose:
A〈商品〉を買い込む, 買いだめする.
e.g. I'm stocking up for Christmas
e.g. you'd better stock up with fuel.
2. fit (a rifle or other firearm) with a stock.
PHRASES
in stock (or out of stock)
(of goods) available (or unavailable) for immediate sale in a store.
on the stocks
in construction or preparation:
e.g. also on the stocks is a bill to bring about tax relief for these businesses.
put stock in
often with negative have a specified amount of belief or faith in:
e.g. I don't put much stock in modern medicine.
take stock
review or make an overall assessment of a particular situation, typically as a prelude to making a decision:
e.g. he needed a period of peace and quiet in order to take stock of his life.
DERIVATIVES
stockless adjective
ORIGIN
Old English stoc(c)‘trunk, block of wood, post’, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch stok and German Stock ‘stick’. The notion ‘store, fund’ (stock (sense 1 of the noun and sense 2 of the noun) ) arose in late Middle English and is of obscure origin, perhaps expressing ‘growth from a central stem’ or ‘firm foundation’.