scrape
https://gyazo.com/9a1dfdadabc7983a9ed8c94911d0da46
verb
1. with object push or pull a hard or sharp implement across (a surface or object) so as to remove dirt or other matter:
…(の表面)をこする ; …をこすってきれいにする(down); 〖～ A C〗 AをこすってC〈状態〉にする
e.g. with object and complement : we scraped the dishes clean
e.g. rinse off the carrots and scrape them.
use a sharp or hard implement to remove (dirt or unwanted matter) from something:
«…から» …をこすり落とす(off, away) «from, off»
e.g. she scraped the mud off her shoes.
apply (a hard or sharp implement) to a surface so as to remove dirt or other matter:
e.g. he scraped the razor across the stubble on his cheek.
make (a hollow) by scraping away soil or rock:
e.g. he found a ditch, scraped a hole, and put the bag in it.
2. rub or cause to rub by accident against a rough or hard surface, causing damage or injury:
【場所･物の表面を】こすって傷を付ける «on, against»
e.g. no object : he smashed into the wall and felt his knee scrape against the plaster
【場所に】〈物･体〉をこすって傷を付ける «against, on»
e.g. with object : she reversed in a reckless sweep, scraping the left front fender.
with object draw or move (something) along or over something else, making a harsh noise:
【場所･物の表面に】…をこすって不快な音を出す «on, against, across, down»
e.g. she scraped back her chair and stood up.
no object move with or make a harsh scraping sound:
【場所･物の表面を】こすって［引っかいて］不快な音を出す «on, down, against»
e.g. she lifted the gate to prevent its scraping along the ground.
no object humorous play a violin or similar stringed instrument tunelessly:
e.g. Katie was scraping away at her cello.
with object draw one's hair tightly back off the forehead:
e.g. her hair was scraped back into a ponytail.
3. no object, with adverbial narrowly pass by or pass through something:
かろうじて合格する, 何とか切り抜ける.
e.g. there was only just room to scrape through between the tree and the edge of the stream.
no object, with adverbial barely manage to succeed in a particular undertaking:
e.g. he scraped through the entrance exam
e.g. Clinton scraped into office in 1992.
with object just manage to achieve; accomplish with great effort or difficulty:
e.g. for some years he scraped a living as a tutor.
(scrape something together/scrape something up) collect or accumulate something with difficulty:
苦労して［やっとのことで］A〈金など〉を集める
e.g. they could hardly scrape up enough money for one ticket, let alone two.
no object try to save as much money as possible; economize:
e.g. they had scrimped and scraped and saved for years.
no object (scrape by/scrape along) manage to live with difficulty:
«…で» かろうじて暮らしていく «on»
e.g. she has to scrape by on Social Security.
4. with object copy (data) from a website using a computer program:
e.g. all search engines scrape content from sites without permission and display it on their own sites.
noun
1. an act or sound of scraping:
こすること; 〖単数形で〗こする［こすれる］(不快な)音, きしむ音.
e.g. he heard the scrape of his mother's key in the lock.
an injury or mark caused by scraping:
すり傷
e.g. there was a long, shallow scrape on his shin.
a place where soil has been scraped away, especially a shallow hollow formed in the ground by a bird during a courtship display or for nesting:
｟くだけて｠ (自ら招いた)窮地, やっかいな状況; «…との» いざこざ «with»
e.g. ringed plovers incubate eggs in shallow scrapes.
archaic an obsequious bow in which one foot is drawn backward along the ground.
2. Medicine, informal a procedure of dilatation of the cervix and curettage of the uterus.
3. informal an embarrassing or difficult predicament caused by one's own unwise behavior:
e.g. he'd been in worse scrapes than this before now.
PHRASES
scrape acquaintance with
dated contrive to get to know:
e.g. aboard the ship, a nice girl scraped acquaintance with me.
scrape the bottom of the barrel (also scrape the barrel)
informal be reduced to using things or people of the poorest quality because there is nothing else available:
e.g. the studio is scraping the bottom of the barrel now, releasing subpar films on the strength of her name.
ORIGIN
Old English scrapian ‘scratch with the fingernails’, of Germanic origin, reinforced in Middle English by Old Norse skrapa or Middle Dutch schrapen ‘to scratch’.