rough
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source: Life can be rough sometimes, so make light of it when you can...sometimes at the expense of others - GIF on Imgur
/icons/point.icon ROUGH, HARSH, UNEVEN, RUGGED, SCABROUS mean not smooth or even.
ROUGH implies points, bristles, ridges, or projections on the surface.
e.g. a rough wooden board
HARSH implies a surface or texture distinctly unpleasant to the touch.
e.g. a harsh fabric that chafes the skin
UNEVEN implies a lack of uniformity in height, breadth, or quality.
e.g. an old house with uneven floors
RUGGED implies irregularity or roughness of land surface and connotes difficulty of travel.
e.g. a rugged landscape
SCABROUS implies scaliness or prickliness of surface.
e.g. a scabrous leaf
adjective
1. having an uneven or irregular surface; not smooth or level:
〈表面が〉ざらざらした, でこぼこの, きめの粗い(↔ smooth); 〈頭髪などが〉もじゃもじゃの, 毛むくじゃらの
e.g. they had to carry the victim across the rough, stony ground
e.g. her skin felt dry and rough.
denoting the face of a tennis or squash racket from which the loops formed in the stringing process project (used as a call when the racket is spun to decide the right to serve first or to choose ends). The opposite of smooth.
2. (of a person or their behavior) not gentle; violent or boisterous:
〈人･行動などが〉乱暴な, 粗暴な; 無作法な, 乱れた; «…に対して» 手荒な «with» ; 〈仕事などが〉力を要する; 〈スポーツなどが〉荒々しい, 激しい
e.g. strollers should be capable of withstanding rough treatment.
(of an area or occasion) characterized by or notorious for the occurrence of violent behavior:
〈場所などが〉物騒な, 危険な
e.g. the workmen hate going to the rough areas of town.
(of weather or the sea) wild and stormy:
〈海･天候などが〉荒れ狂う, 荒れた
e.g. the lifeboat crew braved rough seas to rescue a couple.
3. not finished tidily or decoratively; plain and basic:
〈構造･設備などが〉簡素な, 粗末な
e.g. the customers sat at rough wooden tables.
put together without the proper materials or skill; makeshift:
e.g. he had one arm in a rough sling.
lacking sophistication or refinement:
自然のままの; 〈宝石などが〉未加工の; 〈土地などが〉未開の.
e.g. she took care of him in her rough, kindly way.
not worked out or correct in every detail:
e.g. he had a rough draft of his new novel.
4. (of a voice) harsh and rasping:
〈声･音などが〉荒々しい; 耳ざわりな.
e.g. his voice was rough with barely suppressed fury.
(of wine or another alcoholic drink) sharp or harsh in taste.
〈ワインなどが〉渋い
5. informal difficult and unpleasant or unfair:
｟英･くだけて｠ 【人にとって】酷な, 厳しい «on»
e.g. the teachers gave me a rough time because my image didn't fit
e.g. the first day of a job is rough on everyone.
as complement unwell:
〖通例名詞の前で〗つらい, 苦しい〈時など〉
e.g. the altitude had hit her and she was feeling rough.
adverb informal
in a manner that lacks gentleness; harshly or violently:
乱暴に, 荒っぽく〈話す･扱うなど〉; 大ざっぱに
e.g. treat ’em rough but treat ’em fair.
noun
1. chiefly British a disreputable and violent person.
｟主に英･くだけて｠ ごろつき, 乱暴者
2. (on a golf course) longer grass around the fairway and the green:
〖the ～〗 〘ゴルフ〙 ラフ〘草の刈りそろえられていない部分〙
e.g. his second shot was in the rough on the left.
3. a preliminary sketch for a design:
下書き, 素描
e.g. I did a rough to work out the scale of the lettering.
4. an uncut precious stone.
verb with object
1. work or shape (something) in a rough, preliminary fashion:
…を荒らす, でこぼこ［ざらざら］にする; 〈髪など〉をぼさぼさにする, かき乱す.
e.g. flat surfaces of wood are roughed down.
(rough something out) produce a preliminary and unfinished sketch or version of something:
｟英｠ A〈絵･計画など〉を大ざっぱに描く［練る］.
e.g. the engineer roughed out a diagram on his notepad.
make uneven or ruffled:
e.g. rough up the icing with a palette knife
e.g. the water was roughed by the wind.
2. (rough it) informal live in discomfort with only basic necessities:
｟ややくだけて｠ (キャンプなどで)不自由［不便］な生活をする
e.g. she had had to rough it alone in a dive.
PHRASES
bit of rough
informal a male sexual partner whose toughness or lack of sophistication is a source of attraction.
in the rough
1. in a natural state; without decoration or other treatment:
e.g. a diamond in the rough.
2. in difficulties:
e.g. even before the recession hit, the project was in the rough.
rough and ready
crude but effective:
e.g. a rough-and-ready estimating method.
(of a person or place) unsophisticated or unrefined.
rough around the edges
having a few imperfections:
e.g. until we clean up and lay down the new carpet, it's going to look a little rough around the edges.
not refined:
e.g. Donnie is a bit rough around the edges, but she loves him.
the rough edge of one's tongue (or the rough side of one's tongue)
a scolding:
e.g. you two stop quarreling or you'll get the rough edge of my tongue.
rough edges
small imperfections in someone or something that is basically satisfactory.
rough justice |ˌrəf ˈjəstəs |
treatment that is not scrupulously fair or in accordance with the law.
rough passage
a journey over rough sea.
a difficult process of achieving something or of becoming successful:
e.g. the rough passage faced by the legislation.
a rough ride
see ride.
rough stuff
boisterous or violent behavior.
sleep rough
British sleep in uncomfortable conditions, typically outdoors.
take the rough with the smooth
accept the difficult or unpleasant aspects of life as well as the good.
PHRASAL VERBS
rough someone up
informal beat someone up.
DERIVATIVES
roughish adjective
ORIGIN
Old English rūh, of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch ruw and German rauh.