plump
$ \mathrm{plump}^1 |pləmp|
https://gyazo.com/e55bcb5f07d8ab99ac42ccd65c15c4d7
/icons/point.icon 類義 fatとoverweight, plumpなど
fat: 「太った」の意の最も一般的な語で, 〘書〙 より〘話〙 で多く用いられるが, 面と向かって使うと失礼なため, large, heavy, 長身ならbigのほうが婉曲的で好まれる
overweight: 通常より太っている状態を表すが, fatほど無礼な響きはなく, しばしばa little overweightのような形で婉曲的に用いる
plump: 良い意味で「ぽっちゃりした」の意で主に女性･子供に用いる
stout: 中高年のがっしりした人に用い, 女性への上品な婉曲表現としても用いられる
obese: 〘ややかたく〙 や〘医〙 で, 病的肥満状態をいう
chubby: 赤ん坊･子供などの健康的で好感の持てる太り方をさす
adjective
having a full rounded shape:
〈女性･子供などが〉ぽっちゃりふっくらした (!fatの好意的表現)
e.g. the berries were plump and sweet.
slightly fat:
e.g. she wore an outfit she'd always wanted to try but felt she was too plump to risk.
verb with object
shake or pat (a cushion or pillow) to adjust its stuffing and make it rounded and soft:
e.g. she plumped up her pillows.
no object (plump up) become rounder and fatter:
e.g. stew the dried fruits gently until they plump up.
DERIVATIVES
plumpish adjective
plumply adverb
ORIGIN
late 15th century (in the sense ‘blunt, forthright’): related to Middle Dutch plomp, Middle Low German plump, plomp ‘blunt, obtuse, blockish’. The sense has become appreciative, perhaps by association with plum.
$ \mathrm{plump}^2 |pləmp|
verb
1. with object and adverbial of place set down heavily or unceremoniously:
ドシンと落ちる［座る, 倒れる］(down); «…に» ドシンとぶつかる(down) «against»
e.g. she plumped her bag on the table.
(plump oneself) sit down heavily and unceremoniously:
e.g. she plumped herself down in the nearest seat
e.g. no object : he plumped down on the bench beside me.
2. no object (plump for) decide definitely in favor of (one of two or more possibilities):
｟主に英･くだけて｠ 【人･事を】強く支持する; (考えた末に)選ぶ; (2名以上選ぶべき場合に) 【ただ1人の候補者にだけ】投票する «for»
e.g. offered a choice of drinks, he plumped for brandy.
noun archaic
an abrupt plunge; a heavy fall:
〖時にa ～〗 ドサッと落ちること; ドサッ, ドシン(という音)
e.g. the wagon came into a deep hole, with such a plump.
adverb
1. informal with a sudden or heavy fall:
ドサッと; 突然; あからさまに［な］
e.g. she sat down plump on the bed.
2. informal, dated directly and bluntly:
ぶっきらぼうに［な］: まっすぐ下に.
e.g. he must tell her plump and plain that he was collecting unemployment.
ORIGIN
late Middle English: related to Middle Low German plumpen, Middle Dutch plompen ‘fall into water’, probably of imitative origin.
$ \mathrm{plump}^3 |pləmp|
noun rare
a flock of wildfowl:
e.g. a plump of ducks rose at the same time.
ORIGIN
late Middle English (in sense ‘group of people’): of uncertain origin; possibly related to clump and lump1.