stern
$ \mathrm{stern}^1 |stərn|
https://gyazo.com/cf082874abfe1307273490f6152d5611
SEVERE implies standards enforced without indulgence or laxity and may suggest harshness. e.g. severe military discipline
e.g. stern arbiters of public morality
AUSTERE stresses absence of warmth, color, or feeling and may apply to rigorous restraint, simplicity, or self-denial. e.g. living an austere life in the country
ASCETIC implies abstention from pleasure and comfort or self-indulgence as spiritual discipline. e.g. the ascetic life of the monks
adjective
〈表情･顔つきなどが〉怖い, 厳しい, いかめしい
e.g. a smile transformed his stern face
〈人が〉 «…に対して» 厳格な, 厳しい(severe) «with, to, toward(s)» e.g. Mama looked stern.
〈言葉･規律などが〉手厳しい, 容赦ない, 過酷な
e.g. stern measures to restrict growth of traffic.
〈意志などが〉断固とした
e.g. the past year has been a stern test of the ability of local industry.
PHRASES
have a stronger character and be more able to overcome problems than others:
e.g. whereas James was deeply wounded by the failure, George was made of sterner stuff. from Shakespeare's Julius Caesar (iii. 2. 93).
archaic men regarded collectively and in contrast to women.
DERIVATIVES
ORIGIN
$ \mathrm{stern}^2 |stərn|
noun
e.g. he stood at the stern of the yacht.
｟くだけて｠ 尻.
e.g. my stern can't take too much sun.
DERIVATIVES
in combination : a square-sterned vessel
ORIGIN