fallacy
Aporia – State of puzzlement or expression of doubt, in philosophy and rhetoric Anti-pattern – Common response to a recurring problem that is usually ineffective or counterproductive argumentation theory – Study of how conclusions are reached through logical reasoning; one of four rhetorical modes Cognitive bias – Systematic pattern of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment Demagogue – Politician or orator who panders to fears and emotions of the public Evidence – Material supporting an assertion False premise – An incorrect proposition that forms the basis of an argument Illusion – Distortion of the perception of reality Inference objection – Objection to an argument based on the relationship between premise and contention Paradox – Statement that apparently contradicts itself Prosecutor's fallacy – A fallacy of statistical reasoning typically used by a prosecutor to exaggerate the likelihood of a criminal defendant's guilt Sophist – Specific kind of teacher in both Ancient Greece and in the Roman Empire Soundness – Logical term meaning that an argument is valid and its premises are true Truth – A term meaning "in accord with fact or reality" Validity – Argument whose conclusion must be true if its premises are