HTTP - standard

HTTP

Web用通信プロトコル WebブラウザとWebサーバの間での通信に使われる

電子メールのMIMEをベースに拡張されているような形式

HTTP, WebSocket など

RFC 9110 以降で再編された

https://developer.mozilla.org/ja/docs/Web/HTTP/Resources_and_specifications

HTTP/0.9 1.0 1.1 は TCP上、HTTP/2はSPDYベース、HTTP/3はQUICベースで開発されている

TLSのALPN拡張で選択 (RFC 7301, RFC 7639)

SPDYはHTTPSのみ、HTTP/2は実装がHTTPSのみ? HTTP/3 は TLS対応のHTTPSのみ

Semantics は共通

圧縮も可能

gzip

Brotli

RFC 5246 TLS 1.2

RFC 7301 TLS-ALPN

RFC 9113 HTTP/2

RFC 7541 HPACK

RFC 8446 TLS 1.3

RFC 9114 HTTP/3

フレームサイズ (24bit?)

フレームタイプ (8+8bit?)

HEADERS, DATAなど

ストリームID (31bit)

QUIC

flag 1

table:HTTP

HTTP/1.1 SPDY HTTP/2 QUIC HTTP/3

TCP UDP

TLS 1.0-1.2 1.0-1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3

non-TLS ○ ✗ ○ ✗ ✗

HPACK

RFC 9532 HTTP Proxy-Status Parameter for Next-Hop Aliases

RFC 9530 Digest Fields

RFC 9460 Service Binding and Parameter Specification via the DNS (SVCB and HTTPS Resource Records)

RFC 9440 Client-Cert HTTP Header Field

RFC 9421 HTTP Message Signatures https://tex2e.github.io/rfc-translater/html/rfc9421.html

RFC 9412 The ORIGIN Extension in HTTP/3

RFC 9369 QUIC Version 2

RFC 9368 Compatible Version Negotiation for QUIC

RFC 9220 Bootstrapping WebSockets with HTTP/3

RFC 9204 QPACK: Field Compression for HTTP/3

RFC 9114 HTTP/3 https://triple-underscore.github.io/http3-ja.html

RFC 9113 HTTP/2 https://summerwind.jp/docs/rfc9113/

RFC 9112 HTTP/1.1 https://triple-underscore.github.io/http1-ja.html

RFC 9111 HTTP Caching https://triple-underscore.github.io/http-cache-ja.html

RFC 9110 HTTP Semantics

https://triple-underscore.github.io/http-semantics-ja.html

https://triple-underscore.github.io/http-semantics2-ja.html

RFC 9002 QUIC Loss Detection and Congestion Control

RFC 9001 Using TLS to Secure QUIC

RFC 9000 QUIC: A UDP-Based Multiplexed and Secure Transport

RFC 8999 Version-Independent Properties of QUIC

RFC 8740 Using TLS 1.3 with HTTP/2 (廃止) → 9113

RFC 8441 Bootstrapping WebSockets with HTTP/2

RFC 8265 ユーザー名とパスワードを表す国際化された文字列の準備、施行、比較

RFC 8164 Opportunistic Security for HTTP/2 (実験)

RFC 8120 Mutual Authentication Protocol for HTTP

RFC 7838 HTTP Alternative Services 代替サービス

RFC 7639 The ALPN HTTP Header Field

RFC 7617 The 'Basic' HTTP Authentication Scheme

RFC 7616 HTTPダイジェストアクセス認証

RFC 7578 Returning Values from Forms: multipart/form-data

RFC 7541 HPACK: Header Compression for HTTP/2

https://httpwg.org/specs/rfc7541.html

RFC 7540 HTTP/2 (廃止) → 9113

RFC 7469 Public Key Pinning Extension for HTTP (HPKP) (もうない非推奨)

RFC 7301 Transport Layer Security (TLS) Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation Extension (ALPN)

RFC 7235 Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Authentication → 9110 HTTP/1.1 認証 (廃止)

RFC 7234 Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Caching → 9111 (廃止)

RFC 7233 Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Range Requests → 9110 (廃止)

RFC 7232 Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Conditional Requests → 9110 (廃止)

RFC 7231 → 9110 HTTP/1.1 Semantics and Content (廃止) https://triple-underscore.github.io/RFC7231-ja.html

RFC 7230 → 9110,9112 HTTP/1.1 Message Syntax and Routing (廃止)

RFC 6797 HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS)

RFC 6455 The WebSocket Protocol https://triple-underscore.github.io/RFC6455-ja.html

RFC 6415 Web Host Metadata

RFC 6265 HTTP State Management Mechanism

RFC 2817 Upgrading to TLS Within HTTP/1.1 → Update 7231

RFC 2617 HTTP Authentication: Basic and Digest Access Authentication

RFC 2616 Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1 (廃止) → Update 2817 → 7230-7235

RFC 2145 Use and Interpretation of HTTP Version Numbers (廃止) → 7230

RFC 2069 An Extension to HTTP : Digest Access Authentication

RFC 2068 Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1 (廃止) → 2616

RFC 1945 Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.0 (廃止) → 2068

WebRTC, WebSocket, WebTransport で接続を維持してみたりストリームっぽいこととかができるよ

近いヘッダを使ったものにRTSPなどもある

Webブラウザ

Gecko/Servo系

Mozilla Firefox

SeaMonkey

Servo

WebKit系

Safari

iPhone上のブラウザ全般

Blink系

Chromium

Google Chrome

Microsoft Edge

Opera

Vivaldi

Webサーバ

Apache HTTP Server

NGINX

freenginx

アプリケーションサーバ

Java

Apache Tomcat

WebSphere