アトラトルは男女が同じ速度で発射できる
研究チームは、108人(42人の男性、56人の女性、10人は性別未開示)の参加者を対象に、通常の槍投げの要領で手で槍を投げる場合と、アトラトルを使って槍を投げる場合の2つを試した。それぞれ10回ずつ投げ、合計2160回行われた。
結果は、手で槍を投げる場合は、男性の平均速度が約8.1~16.1m/s、女性の平均速度:約5.1~11.5m/sで、明らかに男性の方が速い槍を投げられることが分かった。次にアトラトルを使う場合は、男性の平均速度が約10.1~24.1m/s、女性の平均速度:約10.1~20.1m/sで、驚くべきことに、男女の速度差がほとんどなかった。
authors: Michelle R. Bebber, Briggs Buchanan, Metin I. Eren, Robert S. Walker & Dexter Zirkle
abstract
The atlatl is a handheld, rod-shaped device that employs leverage to launch a dart, and represents a major human technological innovation. One hypothesis for forager atlatl adoption over its presumed predecessor, the thrown javelin, is that a diverse array of people could achieve equal performance results, thereby facilitating inclusive participation of more people in hunting activities. We tested this hypothesis via a systematic assessment of 2160 weapon launch events by 108 people who used both technologies. Our results show that, unlike the javelin, the atlatl equalizes the velocity of female- and male-launched projectiles. This result indicates that a javelin to atlatl transition would have promoted a unification, rather than division, of labor. Moreover, our results suggest that female and male interments with atlatl weaponry should be interpreted similarly.
その前身と推定される投げ槍よりも、採集者がアトラトルを採用した理由の1つの仮説は、多様な人々が同等の性能を達成することで、より多くの人々が狩猟活動に参加しやすくなることである。
なるほどmtane0412.icon
現代の狩猟採集社会で女性が狩猟に参加している例はあるのだろうか?
perplexity.ai.iconYes, there are numerous examples of women participating in hunting in modern hunter-gatherer societies. According to recent research, women actively hunt in a significant majority of hunter-gatherer societies studied.
Some key findings include:
1. In 79% of the 63 foraging societies examined, women were found to participate in hunting activities.
調査した63の採集社会のうち79%で、女性が狩猟活動に参加していた。
2. Over 70% of hunting done by females is intentional rather than opportunistic.
女性による狩猟の70%以上は、場当たり的なものではなく、意図的なものである。
3. Women hunt a variety of game sizes:
46% of societies with female hunters involved capturing small game
女性ハンターがいる社会の46%が小動物の捕獲に関与している。
48% involved hunting medium or large game
48%が中・大型狩猟に関与
4% involved hunting game of all sizes
4%が大小さまざまな狩猟に関わる
4. In societies where hunting is the primary source of subsistence, women participated in hunting 100% of the time.
狩猟が自給自足の主な手段である社会では、女性は100%狩猟に参加していた。
5. Women use a variety of hunting strategies, including hunting alone, with men, or in groups with other women, children, or dogs.
女性は、単独で、男性と一緒に、あるいは他の女性や子供、犬と一緒にグループで、さまざまな狩猟戦略をとる。
6. Specific examples include:
The Aka people, where women's participation in net-hunting is required アカ族は網漁に女性の参加が必須
The Hazda people in Tanzania This research challenges the traditional "man the hunter, woman the gatherer" paradigm and suggests that women have played a more significant role in hunting across cultures than previously recognized. The study authors emphasize that women in foraging societies have historically participated and continue to participate in hunting, regardless of their child-bearing status.