tribe
https://gyazo.com/9b93a6d0a3fe170121fcdf1a5da6cf33
source: By Rod Waddington from Kergunyah, Australia - Mursi Tribe, Ethiopia, CC BY-SA 2.0
/icons/point.icon 人種
race: 同じ皮膚の色 ･肉体的特徴を持つ集団で, Caucasian, Negroid, Mongolian, Polynesianに大別されるが, 近年ではこの語はpeople(s)やcommunityで代用する場合も多い
nation: 歴史･言語を共有し同一地域に生活する集団
people: 一国の国民などをさし, raceやnationの意で用いられる.
tribe: nationより小規模で, 風俗･言語を共有し, しばしば伝統的な生活様式に従っている集団(→ ethnic group)
noun
1. a social division in a traditional society consisting of families or communities linked by social, economic, religious, or blood ties, with a common culture and dialect, typically having a recognized leader:
部族, 種族 (!時に侮辱的なニュアンスを伴う)
e.g. indigenous Indian tribes
e.g. the Celtic tribes of Europe.
(in ancient Rome) each of several political divisions, originally three, later thirty, ultimately thirty-five.
(古代ローマの)3部族の1つ; (古代イスラエルの)12部族の1つ; (古代ギリシャの)部族
often derogatory a distinctive or close-knit group:
｟主に非難して｠ (同じ関心･職業などを持つ)一団, 連中
e.g. she made a stand against the social codes of her English middle-class tribe
e.g. an outburst against the whole tribe of theoreticians
e.g. the entire tribe is coming for Thanksgiving.
informal a large number of people or animals:
〖～s〗 大勢
e.g. tribes of children playing under the watchful eyes of nurses.
2. Biology a taxonomic category that ranks above genus and below family or subfamily, usually ending in -ini (in zoology) or -eae (in botany).
〘生物〙 族, 類
ORIGIN
Middle English: from Old French tribu or Latin tribus (singular and plural); perhaps related to tri- ‘three’ and referring to the three divisions of the early people of Rome.
USAGE
In historical contexts, the word tribe is broadly accepted ( the area was inhabited by Slavic tribes), but in contemporary contexts, it is problematic when used to refer to a community living within a traditional society. It is strongly associated with past attitudes of white colonialists toward so-called primitive or uncivilized peoples living in remote undeveloped places. For this reason it is generally preferable to use alternative terms such as community or people.