spine
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noun
1. a series of vertebrae extending from the skull to the small of the back, enclosing the spinal cord and providing support for the thorax and abdomen; the backbone.
〘医〙 背骨, 脊柱
a thing's central feature or main source of strength:
e.g. players who will form the spine of our team.
resolution or strength of character.
2. the part of a book's jacket or cover that encloses the inner edges of the pages, facing outward when the book is on a shelf and typically bearing the title and the author's name.
(書物の)背(→ book)
3. Zoology & Botany any hard pointed defensive projection or structure, such as a prickle of a hedgehog, a spikelike projection on a sea urchin, a sharp ray in a fish's fin, or a spike on the stem of a plant.
〘植〙 (サボテンなどの)とげ, 針; (動物の)棘状突起
4. Geology a tall mass of viscous lava extruded from a volcano.
DERIVATIVES
spined adjective
in combination : broken-spined paperbacks
ORIGIN
late Middle English: shortening of Old French espine, or from Latin spina ‘thorn, prickle, backbone’.