havoc
語源
もともとは"Cry havoc"というフレーズで略奪命令を出す言葉として使われていた
https://gyazo.com/02d6fa2fb47e5956cf5092e8546fb9fc
source: By Sebastiaen Vrancx - 1. Deutsches Historisches Museum2. The Bridgeman Art Library, Object 292256, Public Domain
noun
widespread destruction: 広範囲にわたる破壊
(天災などによる)大破壊, 大損害
e.g. the hurricane ripped through Florida causing havoc.: ハリケーンが大損害を起こしながらフロリダを通り過ぎた。
rip through: 〈嵐･爆風などが〉を勢いよく通り過ぎる.
great confusion or disorder: 多大な混乱、無秩序
大混乱, 無秩序
e.g. schoolchildren wreaking havoc in the classroom.: 教室を崩壊させる生徒
verb (havocs, havocking, havocked) with object archaic
lay waste to; devastate.: 完全に破壊する; 完全に荒廃させる
PHRASES
play havoc with = wreak havoc on/in/among
completely disrupt; cause serious damage to: 完全に混乱させる; 深刻なダメージを引き起こす
Aに大被害をもたらす, Aをだめにする.
e.g. shift work plays havoc with the body clock.: シフト勤務は体内時計をだめにする
ORIGIN
late Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French havok, alteration of Old French havot, of unknown origin. The word was originally used in the phrase cry havoc (Old French crier havot) ‘to give an army the order havoc’, which was the signal for plundering.