dust
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noun
1. fine, dry powder consisting of tiny particles of earth or waste matter lying on the ground or on surfaces or carried in the air:
ほこり, ちり; 土［砂］ぼこり
e.g. the car sent up clouds of dust
e.g. they rolled and fought in the dust.
with modifier any material in the form of tiny particles:
粉, 粉末
e.g. coal dust.
in singular a fine powder:
〖a ～〗 (立ちのぼる)土［砂］煙
e.g. he ground it into a fine dust.
in singular a cloud of dust.
literary a dead person's remains:
〖the ～〗 なきがら, 遺骨
e.g. scatter my dust and ashes.
literary the mortal human body:
｟詩/古｠ (ちりに戻るべき)肉体.
e.g. the soul, that dwells within your dust.
2. in singular an act of dusting:
｟英｠ ; 〖a ～〗 ほこりを払う［ふく］こと
e.g. a quick dust, to get rid of the cobwebs.
verb with object
1. remove the dust from the surface of (something) by wiping or brushing it:
〈人が〉〈部屋･家具･服など〉のほこりをとる(off, ｟主に英｠ down)
e.g. I broke the vase I had been dusting
e.g. pick yourself up and dust yourself off
〈人が〉ほこりを拭く.
e.g. no object : she washed and dusted and tidied.
(dust something off) bring something out for use again after a long period of neglect:
〈昔使っていた物〉を再び使い始める; 〈古い考え･方法など〉を使い回す.
e.g. a number of aircraft will be dusted off and returned to flight.
Baseball (dust someone off) deliver a pitch very near a batter so they must fall to the dirt to avoid being hit by it.
2. (usually be dusted) cover lightly with a powdered substance:
e.g. roll out on a surface dusted with flour.
sprinkle (a powdered substance) on to something:
【粉末などを】〈物〉に振りかける «with» ; «…に» 〈粉末など〉を振りかける «on, onto, over»
e.g. orange powder was dusted over the upper body.
3. US informal beat up or kill someone:
e.g. the officers dusted him up a little bit.
PHRASES
dust and ashes
used to convey a feeling of great disappointment or disillusion about something:
e.g. the party would be dust and ashes if he couldn't come.
the dust settles
things quiet down:
e.g. she hoped that the dust would settle quickly and the episode be forgotten.
eat someone's dust
North American informal fall far behind someone in a competitive situation.
gather dust (or collect dust)
remain unused:
e.g. some professors let their computers gather dust.
leave someone/something in the dust
surpass someone or something easily:
e.g. today's modems leave their predecessors in the dust.
DERIVATIVES
dustless adjective
ORIGIN
Old English dūst, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch duist ‘chaff’.