dumb
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source: When childhood friend is stupid dog | Anime / Manga | Know Your Meme
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foolish: 〘ややかたく･主に書〙 で, 良識･判断力に欠けることをいう. 日常英語では代わりにsillyやstupidが用いられることが多い
stupid: 良識･思考力･判断力が欠如していることをいい, 人に用いると〘けなして〙 響く. 〘話〙 で好まれ, 〘書〙 では代わりに〘よりかたく〙 〘丁寧に〙 響くfoolishやunwiseなどが好まれる
silly: 分別･判断力･真剣さに欠け, 時に子供っぽく後に恥ずかしくなるような愚かさをいう. foolishやstupidほど語調は強くなく子供に対しては好まれるが, 大人に用いるとやはり〘けなして〙 響く
crazy: 〘くだけて〙 で, 良識･判断力に欠け奇異であることをいい, 通例〘けなして〙 用いる. 専門的に精神障害をさす場合はinsaneの方が普通
ridiculous: もっともな理由もなく, 嘲笑をさそうほどばかげていること
absurd: ridiculousとほぼ同じ意味で用いられるが〘よりかたく〙 で, 常識から外れて不合理なことを強調する. 〘米〙 より〘英〙 で好まれる
adjective
1. predicative temporarily unable or unwilling to speak:
〖be ～〗 〈人が〉 【驚き･怒りで】口がきけない, 物が言えない «with»; 〖通例be ～〗 口をつぐんで, 黙って(silent); 無口な.
e.g. she stood dumb while he poured out a stream of abuse.
attributive resulting in or expressed by speechlessness:
｟文｠ 〖名詞の前で〗音［声］を出さない, 無言の
e.g. they stared in dumb amazement.
2. dated or offensive (of a person) unable to speak, most typically because of congenital deafness:
｟しばしばけなして｠ 〈人が〉(発声器官障害で生来)口がきけない(｟遠回しに｠ speech-impaired)
e.g. he was born deaf, dumb, and blind.
(of animals) unable to speak as a natural state and thus regarded as helpless or deserving pity.
〈動物が〉口がきけない, 物言わぬ
3. informal, chiefly North American stupid:
｟くだけて｠ 〈人･物･事が〉ばかな, 愚かな; 〖it is ～(for A) to do〗 (判断を評価して)(A〈人〉が)…するのはばかだ; 〖it is ～ of A ［A is ～］ to do〗 (人を評価して)…するなんてA〈人〉はばかだ (!stupidとほぼ同じ意味で用いるが, より穏やかで愛情のこもった語)
e.g. a dumb question.
4. (of a computer terminal) able only to transmit data to or receive data from a computer; having no independent processing capability. Often contrasted with intelligent.
verb with object
1. (dumb something down) informal simplify or reduce the intellectual content of something so as to make it accessible to a larger number of people:
｟くだけて･否定的に｠ A〈難しい事〉を大衆的なレベルに下げて説明する, A〈教材など〉のレベルを下げる.
e.g. critics have accused publishers of dumbing down books.
no object (dumb down) become less intellectually challenging:
e.g. the need to dumb down for mass audiences.
2. literary make dumb or unheard; silence:
｟詩･文｠ …を黙らせる
e.g. a splendor that dazed the mind and dumbed the tongue.
DERIVATIVES
dumbly |ˈdəmlē| adverb
dumbness |ˈdəmnəs| noun
ORIGIN
Old English, of Germanic origin; related to Old Norse dumbr and Gothic dumbs ‘mute’, also to Dutch dom ‘stupid’ and German dumm ‘stupid’.
USAGE
Although dumb meaning ‘not able to speak’ is the older sense, it has been overwhelmed by the newer sense (meaning ‘stupid’) to such an extent that the use of the first sense is now almost certain to cause offense. Alternatives such as speech-impaired should be used instead. See also usage at deaf mute.