burn
$ \mathrm{burn}^1 | bərn |
https://gyazo.com/6c01880f284172e446867688e9d60186
source: [Charlotteの黒羽美砂が炎をゆらゆら揺らすGIF画像｜無料GIF画像検索 GIFMAGAZINE 626307]
verb (past and past participle burned or chiefly British burnt | bərnt | )
1. no object (of a fire) flame or glow while consuming a material such as coal or wood:
〈火･ろうそくなどが〉燃える; 〖通例be ～ing〗 〈物が〉燃えている, 火事である; 〖～ C〗 燃えてC〈状態〉になる (!Cは〖形容詞〗; 主なものはbright, hot, low, red, blue)
e.g. a fire burned and crackled cheerfully in the grate.
(of a candle or other source of light) be alight:
e.g. a light was burning in the hall.
with object use (a type of fuel) as a source of heat or energy:
〈行為･機械などが〉〈燃料･カロリーなど〉を燃やして力, 熱, 光を作る, …を燃料とする
e.g. a diesel engine converted to burn natural gas.
with object (of a person) convert (calories) to energy:
e.g. the speed at which your body burns calories.
2. be or cause to be destroyed by fire:
e.g. no object : he watched his restaurant burn to the ground.
with object damage or injure by heat or fire:
〈人が〉 «…に接触して/火･電気･化学薬品などによって» 〈体の一部〉をやけどする «on/from» ; 〈化学薬品などが〉〈人の体(の一部)〉をやけどさせる; 〘医〙 〈患部〉を焼く, 焼灼（しょうしゃく）する; 〖～ oneself; be ～ed〗 やけどをする (!熱湯･蒸気などによる場合はscald)
e.g. I burned myself on the stove.
no object (of a person, the skin, or a part of the body) become red and painful through exposure to the sun:
〈人･肌が〉日焼けする
e.g. my skin tans easily but sometimes burns.
no object feel hot or sore, typically as a result of illness or injury.
〈体(の一部)が〉 【熱などで】痛い, ひりひりする; ほてる «with»
3. (be burning with) be possessed by (a desire or an emotion):
〖be ～ing with A〗 〈人が〉A〈怒り･欲望など〉を強く感じている;〖be ～ing to do〗 どうしても…したがっている
e.g. Martha was burning with curiosity.
4. no object, with adverbial of direction informal drive very fast:
｟くだけて｠ 〈車が〉 【道路などを】猛スピードで走る «along, through, up»
e.g. he burned past us like a maniac.
5. with object produce (a compact disc or DVD) by copying from an original or master copy.
〘コンピュ〙 〈CD-Rなど〉にデータを書き込む, …を焼く; 【CD-Rなどに】〈データ〉を焼く(on) «to, onto» 〘レーザーを照射して記録する〙
noun
1. an injury caused by exposure to heat or flame:
«火･電気･化学薬品などによる/…との接触による» やけど, 熱傷 〘医〙 «from/on» ; «…にある» 焼け, 焦げ跡 «in, on» ; 焼き印; 日焼け
e.g. he was treated in the hospital for burns to his hands.
a mark left on something as a result of being burned:
e.g. the carpet was covered with cigarette burns.
with modifier a feeling of heat and discomfort on the skin caused by friction, typically by a rope or razor:
擦ってできた傷(などのひりひり感)
e.g. a smooth shave without razor burn.
a hot, painful sensation in the muscles experienced as a result of sustained vigorous exercise:
｟くだけて｠ ; 〖the ～〗 (激しい運動をした時の)筋肉の痛み.
e.g. work up a burn.
2. consumption of a type of fuel as an energy source:
e.g. natural gas produces the cleanest burn of the lot.
a firing of a rocket engine in flight.
(ロケットエンジンの)噴射
3. North American & Australian/NZ an act of clearing vegetation by burning, intentionally or by accident.
an area of land cleared by burning.
｟米･豪｠ 樹木を焼き払ってつくった土地
4. short for burn rate.
PHRASES
be burned at the stake
historical be executed by being burned alive in public, typically for heresy or witchcraft.
burn one's bridges (also British burn one's boats)
do something which makes it impossible to return to an earlier state.
burn the candle at both ends
go to bed late and get up early, especially to get work done.
burn the midnight oil
read, study, or work late into the night.
go for the burn
informal push one's body to extremes when doing physical exercise.
money burns a hole in someone's pocket
someone has a strong urge to spend money as soon as they receive it.
slow burn
informal a state of slowly mounting anger or annoyance: the medical community's shrugging acceptance is fueling a slow burn among women.
PHRASAL VERBS
burn something down (or burn down)
(of a building or structure) destroy or be destroyed completely by fire.
burn something in/into
brand or imprint by burning: designs are burned into the skin | figurative : a childhood incident that was burned into her memory.
Photography expose one area of a print more than the rest: the sky and bottom of the picture needed substantial burning in.
burn something off
remove (a substance) using a flame: using a blowtorch to burn off the paint.
burn out
be completely consumed and thus no longer aflame: the candle in the saucer had burned out | figurative : his political ambitions had burned themselves out.
cease to function as a result of excessive heat or friction: the clutch had burned out.
burn (oneself) out
ruin one's health or become completely exhausted through overwork.
burn someone out
make someone homeless by destroying their home by fire: they were burned out of their homes.
burn up
1. (of a fire) produce brighter and stronger flames.
2. (of an object entering the earth's atmosphere) be destroyed by heat.
burn someone up
North American informal make someone angry: his thoughtless remarks really burn me up.
burn something out
completely destroy a building or vehicle by fire, so that only a shell remains.
burn something up
use up the calories or energy provided by food, rather than converting these to fat: in the typical Western diet, all the energy in protein is burned up daily.
ORIGIN
Old English birnan‘be on fire’ and bærnan ‘consume by fire’, both from the same Germanic base; related to German brennen.
$ \mathrm{burn}^2 | bərn |
noun Scottish & Northern English
a small stream; a brook.
｟主にスコット･北イング｠ 小川.
ORIGIN
Old English burna, burn(e), of Germanic origin; related to Dutch bron and German Brunnen ‘well’.