complement
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noun | ˈkämpləmənt |
1. a thing that completes or brings to perfection: 完全であることに仕上げるもの、持っていくもの
【通例好ましい物･事を】補うもの, 補完するもの «to»
e.g. the libretto proved a perfect complement to the music.: その台詞はその音楽を完全に補完するものであることを証明した。
2. in singular a number or quantity of something, especially that required to make a group complete: 何かの数字や量。特に完全な集団を作るのに必要なもの。
｟かたく｠ (必要な･許容できる)総数, 総量
e.g. at the moment we have a full complement of staff.: ちょうどそのとき私達は従業員全員がいた。
the number of people required to crew a ship: 船に乗り組むのに必要な人の数
(乗り物などの)定員
e.g. almost half the ship's complement of 322 were wounded.: 322のその船の定員のほとんど半分が負傷した。
Geometry the amount in degrees by which a given angle is less than 90°.: 与えられた角度が90度よりも小さい角度の量
〘数〙 余角
Mathematics the members of a set that are not members of a given subset.: 与えられた部分称号の要素ではない集合の要素
〘数〙補集合
3. Grammar one or more words, phrases, or clauses governed by a verb (or by a nominalization or a predicative adjective) that complete the meaning of the predicate.: 動詞(もしくは名詞化、叙述形容詞)によって決定される術語の意味を補完する一つ以上の単語、句、文節
〘文法〙 補語〘主語や目的語を叙述･説明する語(句)〙; 補文
(in systemic grammar) an adjective or noun that has the same reference as either the subject (as mad in he is mad) or the object (as mad in he drove her mad).: (体系文法で)主語(he is madのmadのような)か、目的語(he drove her madのmadのような)のいずれかと同じ参照を持つ形容詞、名詞
4. Physiology a group of proteins present in blood plasma and tissue fluid which combine with an antigen–antibody complex to bring about the lysis of foreign cells.: 外部の細胞の溶解をもたらす抗原・抗体複合体を結合させた、血漿と細胞外液の中に存在するタンパク質のグループ
〘免疫〙 補体
verb | ˈkämpləˌment | with object
add to (something) in a way that enhances or improves it; make perfect: それを高める、改善するやり方で(何か)に加える; 完全にする
〈人･物･事が〉〈人･物･事〉を(バランスよく･うまく)補う, 補完する (!go well with Aより｟かたく｠ ) ; 引き立てる
e.g. a classic blazer complements a look that's stylish or casual.: 古風なブレザーはスタイリッシュ、もしくはカジュアルな見た目をうまく補う。
add to or make complete: 加える、完全にする
e.g. the proposals complement the incentives already available.: その提案はすでに利用可能な優遇措置を完全にする。
DERIVATIVES
complemental | ˌkämpləˈmentl | adjective
ORIGIN
late Middle English (in the sense ‘completion’): from Latin complementum, from complere ‘fill up’ (see complete). Compare with compliment.
USAGE
Complement and compliment (together with related words such as complementary and complimentary) are frequently confused. They are pronounced in the same way but have quite different meanings: as a verb, complement means ‘add to something in a way that enhances or improves,’ as in a classic blazer complements a look that's smart or casual, while compliment means ‘admire and praise someone for something,’ as in he complimented her on her appearance. Complementary means ‘forming a complement or addition, completing,’ as in I purchased a suit with a complementary tie. This is often confused with complimentary, for which one sense is ‘given freely, as a courtesy’: honeymooners receive complimentary fruit and flowers.