思い出し効果
検索の試みは学習を促進するが、検索の成功(失敗)は重要ではない
Kornell, N., Klein, P. J., & Rawson, K. A. (2015). Retrieval attempts enhance learning, but retrieval success (versus failure) does not matter. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 41(1), 283.