What brought about the Industrial Revolution?
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However, overnight it became related to action. Knowledge became a resource and became practical. Knowledge, which was once a private good, became a public good overnight.
The Industrial Revolution was brought about by the application of knowledge. Knowledge used to be related to existence. However, knowledge became related to action. It became a resource. In the first stage, knowledge was applied to tools, processes, and products for over 100 years from the mid-18th century. That was the Industrial Revolution. At the same time, Marx's alienation, class, struggle, and communism were brought about. In the second stage, which began around 1880 and peaked at the end of World War II, knowledge was applied to work. As a result, the productivity revolution was brought about. The productivity revolution defeated class, struggle, and communism. In the third stage, knowledge began to be applied to knowledge itself. That was the Management Revolution. Knowledge became the most important production factor, surpassing land, labor, and capital. P.24-25 For a long time, there were only two forms of knowledge since Plato's time. Socrates believed that the purpose of knowledge was self-awareness, that is, spiritual growth. On the other hand, Protagoras believed that the purpose of knowledge was to know what to say and how to say it. Knowledge meant logic, grammar, rhetoric, in other words, general education. The same was true in the East. Confucianism was about knowing what to say and how to say it, and it was the way of life. In Taoism and Zen, knowledge was self-awareness and the path to wisdom.
Thus, there was a conflict between the two factions, but knowledge was not related to action. It was not useful. What gave utility was not knowledge but techne (skill) in Greek. P.34