2. Basics of Information Visualization

Technical elements of information visualization

Static elements

Dynamic elements

Visualization devices

Static elements

Display information beautifully

Same techniques for magaines and posters

"Information design", Infographics", etc.

Many books and literatures (e.g. Tufte's books)

http://gyazo.com/bb92d74a06e9df356a5f6ae1bd60b860.png

Example of infographics

Subway map of Washingtno D.C.

http://gyazo.com/a4cd2131656e64f8d335b21555030a77.png

Example of infographics

NY subway infographics

http://gyazo.com/3e9d348ee49815ab8d462ee2254d921d.png

Example of infographics

Map + vertical labels

http://gyazo.com/1eb3337bfc6b05a949b3aef1e4d8a1a7.png

Example of infographics

Napoleon's army to Moscow by Charles Minard

Army size, location, direction, temperature, etc.

Color, width, coordinates, direction

http://gyazo.com/426c6184fd14709d0b2716762c87db29.png

Static visualization elements

Coordinates

Size, width, length

Shape, color

Texture, transpaerncy

Text size, font type

Distortion, deformation

Images

Coordinates

Timeline

Location

Values

Attributes

Coordinates-based timeline representation

X-axis usually represents time

Search "graph" on google

http://gyazo.com/0418c841a6c71d644e6d85d44b82005a.png

Train diagram

http://gyazo.com/570e61142f312f4f732378cb0a2c923a.png

coordinates-based timeline representation

Sometimes Y-axis is used for representing time

http://gyazo.com/e1476bdbfb089513b288366103891ea2.png

Coordinates-based location representation

Use conventional maps

http://gyazo.com/d2ccb925984cbc3eb5cc710fdd658c39.png

Coordinate-based value representation

Various graphs

Scatterplot

http://gyazo.com/985bf069df2f509614f29305077d43a9.png

Coordinate-based attribute representation

http://gyazo.com/98660f4be49b3ed3294bb87a35a1777b.png

https://gyazo.com/14db9be05ece9cd1cba1b060484ae119

Coordinate-based attribute representation

Parallel Sets

http://gyazo.com/4f0137f0af484ea56379e4db50a41bfa.png

Attributes representation

Colors, shapes, textures

Emphasis

Bright color, large font, special shape

Italic font for Western people

Kanji for Japanese

Contrasts

Small font for trivial codes

Prettyprinting

}

Usage of colors

Some color combinations are difficult to understand for color-blind people

http://gyazo.com/50ed42b55880c82227ab981235dd5222.png

Developed by Asada-san

Interactively modify colors for color-blind people

http://gyazo.com/6ca789accc7ac4fd6790f86e7ab2c9ba.png

Caviats for using colors

Colors are not good for representing values

http://gyazo.com/1e4abf74d7aa9ce523ad65ac889949bd.png

Using textures

Sometimes better than colors

e.g. representing ages

Age is represented by textures

http://gyazo.com/c7d37199ab3cf8cbfe52b9bce50e63d5.png

http://gyazo.com/6b1cc45a176dc572422b91da0519019a.png

Old links vaguely shown

http://gyazo.com/1529ed75aa3fcc9b06680c9cfb65846c.png

Using images

Non-related image better than no image

http://gyazo.com/38a553c4943af70a73caa1f3d46eb469.png

Using impressive images

http://gyazo.com/a26f31d8f2c460f25325f8c3ac2a8ef9.png

Using images for presentations

http://gyazo.com/b1250adb6504626aca1b3b2817427f46.png

http://www.slideshare.net/garr/sample-slides-by-garr-reynolds http://gyazo.com/33e5d50d593fac3df0db9adf3a53d062.png

Dynamic visusalization elements

Interaction methods

Zooming

Filtering

Animation

Showing large data

Distortion

3D representation

Zooming

Animation

Hyperbolic tree

http://www.youtube.com/v/pwpze3RF55o http://gyazo.com/031ecbe3d8afed0d00338b871ce6bf4b.png

3D display - Perspective Wall

Far things shown small

http://gyazo.com/2c0685ec8ef28aa41c72e886479e2512.png

Notes on 3D display

Complicated 3D fail

Difficult to manipulate

Difficult to understand

No good input device

Zooming

Google Maps, etc.

Popular on GoogleMaps

Zooming UI (ZUI)

Interactively zoom-in/out objects

Huge data can be handled

Pad

Original proposal of ZUI

Infinite 2D zooming for showing everything

Hierarchical data can be visualized

https://s3-ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/masui.org/3/8/386e0f22c8e89ecf82c5abbd5e1b642d.gif

Video: Pad

Pad++

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=62KcJ09k7cE

http://gyazo.com/b9c665f3b396467f5e0f7b1f28bdfa3b.png

Notes on ZUI

Almost no success case except GoogleMaps

Easily get lost in a dessert

Zooming operations not popular enough

Animation

Visualize moving objects

Good for showing more data

Kinetic typography

https://s3-ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/masui.org/f/8/f85b2a06cba162f16c12fdeb15e068e5.gif

https://www.gapminder.org/tools/#$state$time$value=1828;;&chart-type=bubbles http://gyazo.com/6c2a3141c27ad22b91f02c11b3e702ec.png

Hans Rosling

https://gyazo.com/eb774114d36791e753a1361c97922373

https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/1473637465 https://gyazo.com/a8b7bf75b39eeee2537e2056dc16a385

http://livedoor.2.blogimg.jp/coodoo/imgs/9/7/977bf38b.gif

http://livedoor.2.blogimg.jp/coodoo/imgs/9/1/91df1f8d.gif

Filtering methods

Enter conditions to control the search result

Specify keywords

Specify values

Demo: WING

1D/2D/3D zooming

Filtering by selection

http://gyazo.com/d44943c8f574a2da409443844eff601c.png

Notes on dynamic visualization

Smooth transition required

Continuous / reversible

Change blindness problem

People cannot notice rapid transition

People cannot notice background change

Change Blidness

Difficult to notice the change

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1DnfJdvcLgQ

Change blindness example

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDQYdU5p0KY

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=voAntzB7EwE

UI techniques are based on illusions

Techniques for stage magick are useful

People like magics!

Magical display

http://pitecan.com/tmp/vu.png

Phi Phenomenon

Hands looks moving

Only two images are used

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y1M3GEBIUhY

NHK program

Understanding movement

People are not good at understanding moving things

e.g. Which register is faster?

Escalator problem

Standing on one side is not effective

http://www.pitecan.com/Puzzle/escalator/escalator.html?ls=1&lg=2&rs=2&rg=3 http://gyazo.com/245b12bf8db1de56a8887424f5efe36f.png

I/O devices

Display device

Computer monitors

Input device

Keyboard, mouse

Nonstandard output devices

Pinwheel, bubble, unbrella, wheel, ...

Important for real-world interfaces

Bubble display

Information Parcolator

http://gyazo.com/ca0bcbff3bbdd3e8fcc6f32f4ed5e5d8.png

Bubble display

At Roppingi Hills

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L2v0IgD9bo4

Unbrella display

http://gyazo.com/083936a88763b062a2efb830b9369651.png

http://gyazo.com/e6ba4e951917dd465a09dcdeb68e6c1a.png

Unbrella display

http://farm1.static.flickr.com/97/252986258_9c00b43cfd.jpg

Wheel display

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mT13ZcpwYtA&f

;

Pinwheels

Pinwheels by Hiroshi Ishii

Showing information ambiently

http://gyazo.com/beac28ea40a5c2e0094325a0c1868c1d.png

Ambient Orb

Display stock prices and weather forecast

http://gyazo.com/fe68d7fcec7687f6c0fac8be20467c6c.png

Summary

Static display methods

Interactive methods

Various I/O devices