ダニング・クルーガー効果
知識の少ない人が自分を過大評価し、知識の多い人が自分を過小評価する認知バイアスがある、というネットミーム 実際のデータはここまでわかりやすい曲線にはなっていない
この概念が広く普及したのは多くの人にとって納得感が高かったからだろう 模式図
https://gyazo.com/1243f444e3fc1078c20cec7d1ed32005
Aの人が素朴な質問に見えるツイートをし、Bの人が「まさか本気で質問してるわけではあるまい」と調べてみて「なるほどそういうことか！」と新たな知識を得て喜んでるところに、しばらく遅れてCの人がやってきて自信満々で間違ったことを言う現象がある
つまり学んだことをテストしない人は、テストする人よりもこの曲線の勾配が急になる
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https://gyazo.com/2d709860a19f193747e5261f543030ce
Kruger, J., & Dunning, D. (1999). Unskilled and unaware of it: how difficulties in recognizing one's own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessments. Journal of personality and social psychology, 77(6), 1121.
Abstract
People tend to hold overly favorable views of their abilities in many social and intellectual domains. The authors suggest that this overestimation occurs, in part, because people who are unskilled in these domains suffer a dual burden: Not only do these people reach erroneous conclusions and make unfortunate choices, but their incompetence robs them of the metacognitive ability to realize it. Across 4 studies, the authors found that participants scoring in the bottom quartile on tests of humor, grammar, and logic grossly overestimated their test performance and ability. Although their test scores put them in the 12th percentile, they estimated themselves to be in the 62nd. Several analyses linked this miscalibration to deficits in metacognitive skill, or the capacity to distinguish accuracy from error. Paradoxically, improving the skills of participants, and thus increasing their metacognitive competence, helped them recognize the limitations of their abilities.
https://gyazo.com/1a772cfac3e00ff92f79f8b338d1b626
いくつかの分野のテストのうち一番目立って凹んでるのがこれ
否定的な主張もある