excess
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noun
1. an amount of something that is more than necessary, permitted, or desirable:
〖時にan ～〗 余分, 過剰, 過多; 超過量［額］; 〖an ～ of A〗 多すぎるA
e.g. are you suffering from an excess of stress in your life?
the amount by which one quantity or number exceeds another:
e.g. the excess of imports over exports rose $1.4 billion.
the action of exceeding a permitted limit:
e.g. there is no issue as to excess of jurisdiction.
2. lack of moderation in an activity, especially eating or drinking:
｟かたく｠ 度がすぎること, やりすぎ
e.g. bouts of alcoholic excess.
(excesses) outrageous or immoderate behavior:
〖～es〗 (社会的･道徳的に)度を越えた行為; 乱行, 乱暴; 不節制
e.g. the worst excesses of the French Revolution.
adjective attributive
exceeding a prescribed or desirable amount:
〖名詞の前で〗余分な, 過度の; 超過の, 追加の〈料金〉
e.g. trim any excess fat off the meat.
PHRASES
in excess (or to excess)
exceeding the proper amount or degree:
e.g. she insisted that he did not drink to excess.
in excess of
more than; exceeding:
e.g. a top speed in excess of 20 knots.
ORIGIN
late Middle English: via Old French from Latin excessus, from excedere ‘go out, surpass’ (see exceed).