今Rakuにしてやるからな

Rakuを知らない人向けの説明: Raku === Perl6

実は整っているRaku環境

インストールが面倒だと思っていませんか

code:bash

$ mise install raku@2025.11

gem相当

zef

RubyGems.org相当

raku.land

fez

Bundler相当

zef

(但しlockの仕組みがない、なぜ……)

Web App Framework

テンプレートエンジン

Template::Mustache

Template6

ORM

Red

HTTPクライアント

HTTP::UserAgent

JSON Alt

JSON::Fast

簡単なecho-serverで性能を見てみましょう

僕は毎年1月1日にRakuの最新版でecho-serverを動かしてみて性能を見るということをしています。

benchmarker

code:bash

set -e

HOST="${HOST:-127.0.0.1}"

PORT="${PORT:-8080}"

REQUESTS="${REQUESTS:-1000}"

CONCURRENCY="${CONCURRENCY:-10}"

OUTPUT_DIR="${OUTPUT_DIR:-./results}"

TIMESTAMP=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)

mkdir -p "$OUTPUT_DIR"

echo "==================================="

echo "HTTP Echo Server Benchmark"

echo "==================================="

echo "Target: $BASE_URL"

echo "Requests: $REQUESTS"

echo "Concurrency: $CONCURRENCY"

echo "Timestamp: $TIMESTAMP"

echo "==================================="

echo ""

check_server() {

if ! curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" "$BASE_URL/" | grep -q "200"; then

echo "Error: Server is not responding at $BASE_URL"

echo "Please start the server first: raku echo-server.raku"

exit 1

fi

echo "Server is responding."

echo ""

}

run_ab_benchmark() {

local name=$1

local method=$2

local path=$3

local extra_args=${4:-}

echo "--- Benchmark: $name ---"

echo "Method: $method, Path: $path"

echo ""

local result_file="$OUTPUT_DIR/${TIMESTAMP}_${name}.txt"

echo '{"test": "data"}' > /tmp/bench_post_data.json

ab -n "$REQUESTS" -c "$CONCURRENCY" -T "application/json" -p /tmp/bench_post_data.json $extra_args "${BASE_URL}${path}" 2>&1 | tee "$result_file"

rm -f /tmp/bench_post_data.json

else

ab -n "$REQUESTS" -c "$CONCURRENCY" $extra_args "${BASE_URL}${path}" 2>&1 | tee "$result_file"

fi

echo ""

echo "Result saved to: $result_file"

echo ""

}

extract_summary() {

local file=$1

echo "--- Summary from $file ---"

grep -E "(Requests per second|Time per request|Transfer rate|Failed requests)" "$file" || true

echo ""

}

main() {

check_server

echo "Starting benchmarks..."

echo ""

# GET request benchmark

run_ab_benchmark "get_simple" "GET" "/"

# POST request benchmark

run_ab_benchmark "post_json" "POST" "/echo"

# GET with path parameters

run_ab_benchmark "get_with_path" "GET" "/api/v1/users/123"

echo "==================================="

echo "Benchmark Summary"

echo "==================================="

for result_file in "$OUTPUT_DIR"/${TIMESTAMP}_*.txt; do

extract_summary "$result_file"

fi

done

echo "All results saved in: $OUTPUT_DIR"

echo "Done!"

}

main "$@"

これを10000 requests, 100 concurrentで流す。

Raku

code:perl

my $port = %*ENV<PORT> // 8080;

my $server = IO::Socket::Async.listen('0.0.0.0', $port.Int);

say "HTTP Echo Server listening on port $port";

react {

whenever $server -> $connection {

whenever $connection.Supply(:bin) -> $data {

my $request = $data.decode('utf-8');

my @lines = $request.lines;

my ($method, $path, $version) = $request-line.split(/\s+/);

my %headers;

my $body-start = 0;

for @lines.kv -> $i, $line {

if $i == 0 { next; }

if $line eq '' {

$body-start = $i + 1;

last;

}

if $line ~~ /^(\S+)\:\s*(.*)$/ {

%headers{$0.Str.lc} = $1.Str;

}

}

my %response-data = %(

method => $method // '',

path => $path // '',

headers => %headers,

body => $body,

);

my $json-body = to-json(%response-data);

my $content-length = $json-body.encode('utf-8').bytes;

my $response = qq:to/END/;

HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r

Content-Type: application/json\r

Content-Length: $content-length\r

Connection: close\r

\r

$json-body

END

$connection.print($response);

$connection.close;

}

}

whenever signal(SIGINT) {

say "\nShutting down server...";

done;

}

}

sub to-json(%data --> Str) {

my @parts;

for %data.kv -> $key, $value {

my $json-value = value-to-json($value);

@parts.push: qq/"$key": $json-value/;

}

return '{' ~ @parts.join(', ') ~ '}';

}

multi sub value-to-json(Str $value --> Str) {

return qq/"$escaped"/;

}

multi sub value-to-json(Hash $value --> Str) {

return to-json($value);

}

multi sub value-to-json(Any $value --> Str) {

return qq/"{ $value.Str }"/;

}

最新バージョンで突然性能が良くなっている！！！

code:perl

use strict;

use warnings;

use IO::Socket::INET;

use JSON::XS;

my $port = $ENV{PORT} // 8080;

my $server = IO::Socket::INET->new(

LocalAddr => '0.0.0.0',

LocalPort => $port,

Proto => 'tcp',

Listen => SOMAXCONN,

ReuseAddr => 1,

) or die "Cannot create server: $!";

print "HTTP Echo Server listening on port $port\n";

while (my $client = $server->accept()) {

eval {

my $request_line = <$client>;

last unless defined $request_line;

my ($method, $path, $version) = split /\s+/, $request_line;

my %headers;

while (my $line = <$client>) {

last if $line eq "\r\n";

$headers{lc($1)} = $2;

$headers{lc($1)} =~ s/\r?\n$//;

}

}

my $body = '';

if (my $content_length = $headers{'content-length'}) {

read($client, $body, $content_length);

}

my $response_data = {

method => $method // '',

path => $path // '',

headers => \%headers,

body => $body,

};

my $json = JSON::XS->new->utf8;

my $json_body = $json->encode($response_data);

my $content_length = length($json_body);

my $response = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n";

$response .= "Content-Type: application/json\r\n";

$response .= "Content-Length: $content_length\r\n";

$response .= "Connection: close\r\n";

$response .= "\r\n";

$response .= $json_body;

print $client $response;

};

if ($@) {

warn "Error: $@";

}

close($client);

}

close($server);

Perlは速い

code:ruby

# frozen_string_literal: true

require 'socket'

require 'json'

port = ENV.fetch('PORT', 8080).to_i

server = TCPServer.new('0.0.0.0', port)

loop do

client = server.accept

request_line = client.gets

break if request_line.nil?

method, path, _version = request_line.split

headers = {}

while (line = client.gets) && line != "\r\n"

key, value = line.split(':', 2)

end

body = ''

body = client.read(content_length)

end

response_data = {

method: method,

path: path,

headers: headers,

body: body

}

json_body = JSON.generate(response_data)

response = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"

response += "Content-Type: application/json\r\n"

response += "Connection: close\r\n"

response += "\r\n"

response += json_body

client.print(response)

client.close

rescue StandardError => e

client&.close

end

Ruby 3.4.7 32873.76

Rubyは速い

俺はこう思ったッス

Rakuは遅いのがガチのマジで問題

遅いと使われない (1st choiceにならない)、使われないと良くならない……という悪循環に陥いっているのでは

何が遅いのかがわからない

全部遅いというのはそうだと思う

そもそも言語仕様がダイナミックすぎ、最適化が難しい

とはいえどこが特に？

言語開発用のプロファイラが必要なのではないか

とはいえバージョンを追うごとに速くなっているというのはそうっぽい

3年で1.5倍良くなっている

このままのペースだと21年後に現在のRuby並の性能を獲得できる可能性がある

Rakuになる日はまだ遠そう

余談

code:perl

use JSON::Fast;

my $port = %*ENV<PORT> // 8080;

my $server = IO::Socket::Async.listen('0.0.0.0', $port.Int);

say "HTTP Echo Server listening on port $port";

react {

whenever $server -> $connection {

whenever $connection.Supply(:bin) -> $data {

my $request = $data.decode('utf-8');

my @lines = $request.lines;

my ($method, $path, $version) = $request-line.split(/\s+/);

my %headers;

my $body-start = 0;

for @lines.kv -> $i, $line {

if $i == 0 { next; }

if $line eq '' {

$body-start = $i + 1;

last;

}

if $line ~~ /^(\S+)\:\s*(.*)$/ {

%headers{$0.Str.lc} = $1.Str;

}

}

my %response-data = %(

method => $method // '',

path => $path // '',

headers => %headers,

body => $body,

);

my $json-body = to-json(%response-data);

my $content-length = $json-body.encode('utf-8').bytes;

my $response = qq:to/END/;

HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r

Content-Type: application/json\r

Content-Length: $content-length\r

Connection: close\r

\r

$json-body

END

$connection.print($response);

$connection.close;

}

}

whenever signal(SIGINT) {

say "\nShutting down server...";

done;

}

}

Raku 2021.12 2191.02 reqs/sec

Raku 2024.12 2434.38 reqs/sec

Raku 2025.11 2379.55 reqs/sec

つまり単純にRaku built-inのJSONが遅いのか？？？？？？？

余談2

Croを使うと更に遅くなる。

code:perl

use Cro::HTTP::Router;

use Cro::HTTP::Server;

use JSON::Fast;

my $port = (%*ENV<PORT> // 8080).Int;

my $application = route {

post -> *@path {

request-body -> $body {

my $req = request;

my %headers;

for $req.headers -> $header {

%headers{$header.name.lc} = $header.value;

}

my %response-data = %(

method => $req.method,

path => '/' ~ @path.join('/'),

headers => %headers,

body => $body,

);

content 'application/json', to-json(%response-data);

}

}

get -> *@path {

my $req = request;

my %headers;

for $req.headers -> $header {

%headers{$header.name.lc} = $header.value;

}

my %response-data = %(

method => $req.method,

path => '/' ~ @path.join('/'),

headers => %headers,

body => '',

);

content 'application/json', to-json(%response-data);

}

put -> *@path {

request-body -> $body {

my $req = request;

my %headers;

for $req.headers -> $header {

%headers{$header.name.lc} = $header.value;

}

my %response-data = %(

method => $req.method,

path => '/' ~ @path.join('/'),

headers => %headers,

body => $body,

);

content 'application/json', to-json(%response-data);

}

}

delete -> *@path {

my $req = request;

my %headers;

for $req.headers -> $header {

%headers{$header.name.lc} = $header.value;

}

my %response-data = %(

method => $req.method,

path => '/' ~ @path.join('/'),

headers => %headers,

body => '',

);

content 'application/json', to-json(%response-data);

}

};

my Cro::Service $server = Cro::HTTP::Server.new(

:host('0.0.0.0'),

:$port,

:$application,

);

$server.start;

say "Cro HTTP Echo Server listening on port $port";

react {

whenever signal(SIGINT) {

say "\nShutting down server...";

$server.stop;

done;

}

}

恐らくCroが持つRack/Plack的レイヤーのオーバーヘッドが大きいのだと思う。まあ素のサーバーよりリッチというのはそうなので理解はできる。深く調べてはいない。

まとめ

Rakuにはパフォーマンス改善の金脈が沢山ありそうです。みんなで良くしよう、Raku lang。