Thaw in the Cold War
Introduction
After the Breakdown of Grand alliance, tensions between the US and the Soviet Union increased
Evidences for the thaw
1953 Korean War Armistice
North and South Korea agreed on complete "cessation" (休戦)
However, Peace treaty not yet achieved
1955 Austrian State Treaty
Treaty of independence of Austria
Was under the rule of Allies, splitted like Germany
Became neutral and independent state
1953 De-Stalinization Speech
Khrushchev: "USSR will aim for peaceful coexistence"
Conflicts with previous Stalin’s policy.
Khrushchev's visit to the US
1955 Geneva Summit
Discussed German unification, trade agreements, Arms race
Although agreement couldn't be made, it was a progre
Evidence that denies the thaw
U2 incident 1960
An American spy plane was shot down in the USSR, which the Americans claimed it to be a weather plane. The truth was discovered when the USSR searched the crash site. Eisenhower’s visit to the USSR (The Paris Summit) was cancelled due to this incident.
Guatemalan Coup 1954
Carried out by the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Removed the democratically elected Guatemalan President Jacobo Árbenz and made Carlos Castillo Armas the ruler.
The US attempted overthrowing governments that were too left-winged including this and the government of Mohammad Mossadegh in Iran
Hungarian Uprising 1956
The attempt of Hungary to get out of the Soviet Union's control.
Khrushchev, despite his policy (de-Stalinization), tried to suppress the uprise with force.
The Space Race
1957 The Soviet Union launched Sputnik: the first man-made object to be placed into the Earth's orbit (also proved the overwhelming power of R-7 ballistic missile, the launcher, the Soviet Union has)
"Sputnik Crisis": Caused public fear and shock, Broke confidence of the US about their technology Largely affected US policy: Created NASA, Improved science education, Increased funding for scientific researches
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1959 The Soviet Union first person in space
1968 The US first man on the moon: the Soviet Union also had 4 attempts but failed within 1969-1972, which made the US effectively a "winner" of the space race
1956-1957 Suez Crisis
Egypt's Suez canal, a vital trade route for the UK, France and Israel, was closed by Egypt
Soviet Union came in behind Egypt
US intervened and stopped the two sides from going into war
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