Rebellion of the Masses
In February 2019, NHK Publishing released a book titled "The Revolt of the Masses" by Ortega, which is part of the Famous Book 84 series. The book can be found on NHK's website and Amazon. It is also available for viewing on NHK On Demand, including past archives. On July 28, the note discusses the concept of the Masses, referring to the average person. It suggests that even in groups composed of selected individuals, the same can be said for those who are excluded from the majority. In the case of groups that are characterized by not being an audience or the masses, their substantial common ground lies in a certain desire, ideology, or ideal that excludes the majority. Therefore, their unity is a result of not conforming to the majority. The note further divides humanity into two types: those who actively seek challenges and responsibilities, and those who have no special demands for themselves and simply exist without striving for self-improvement. It mentions that there are various specialized tasks, activities, and functions in society that require unique talents and were previously carried out by a minority who believed they possessed 天賦 or natural abilities. It also references 地獄ストイック村 and Individualism. On August 8, the note explores the meaning of Nobility. It explains that the original meaning and etymology of Nobility is inherently dynamic. It refers to someone who is known to the world, who stands out above the anonymous masses, and who is famous and recognized by everyone. Being noble implies that there has been extraordinary effort that has brought them fame. The note describes nobility as a synonym for brave life, constantly surpassing oneself and having a strong awareness of one's duties and demands. It contrasts noble life with a mundane and lifeless existence, where individuals remain stagnant within themselves and are condemned to eternal seclusion unless forced out by external forces. It mentions the rarity of individuals who can make voluntary efforts and become monuments in our experience, emphasizing their selectiveness, nobility, and asceticism. The note also touches on the idea that Ideas are a Checkmate against Truth. It suggests that those who desire to have ideas must first seek truth and be willing to accept the rules of the game that truth demands. It questions the purpose of procedures, rules, etiquette, mediation, justice, and reason, summarizing them as elements of "civilization" that enable the existence of cities, communities, and coexistence. In the section titled Reading Criticism, it is mentioned that Ortega had thoughts about the future United States of Europe (EU). The note refers to an article that discusses Ortega's support for European integration and the current structure of the EU, criticizing conservative thinkers. The article can be found on Subcontractor of Thought - PRIDE.